(1987). <> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 111, 8410-8415. Groups may be assigned or randomly selected. 4. In Teaching the Sciences, edited by F. B. Brawer. Planning strategy: a personal learning style or positive learning strategies; Active Strategy: an active approach to the learning task; Empathic strategy: a tolerant and outgoing approach to the target language and empathy with its speakers; Formal strategy: technical know-how about how to tackle a language; 0000004764 00000 n <> Supporting Media 50 Instructional Routines to Develop Content Literacy (Teaching Strategies Series) : PC, Android, Apple, Ipad, Iphone, etc. The table below outlines a variety of sample strategies with tips for both in-person and remote implementation in courses. endobj Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. The strategies are roughly organized based on potential time-intensity for implementation. Active learning strategies provide valuable opportunities for students to develop disciplinary skills and expertise, including serving as sources of knowledge, formulating questions and articulating ideas, as well as fostering interactions with peers (Turpen & Finkelstein, 2009). Active Learning Strategy Knowledge-Based Activity Application-Based Activity Polling questions Games and quizzes to practice recall Demonstration Example with practice . 109-113.Millis, B. J., & Cottell Jr, P. G. (1997). <> 5O%VZdiBrgZ: Xo0-"/0?oS (fE>.64uKgeL$ lGL $Om2u!&plXdXr_N;.%Mq{. 0000109509 00000 n Increased structure and active learning reduce the achievement gap in introductory biology. 0000010010 00000 n Teaching, and Evaluation: K-12 with Judy Eby and Jim Hicks; and Fifty Active Learning Strategies for Improving Comprehension with Michael Jordan. Chapter 1: Understanding Cognitive Engagement and the Thinking-Based Classroom. %PDF-1.5 % %PDF-1.5 0000005001 00000 n 245 0 obj <> endobj Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Small groups of students are assigned a prompt or problem to work on collaboratively and present as a poster using a sheet of large chart paper or a white board. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). % (1987). Active learning Be the first one to, 50StrategiesForTeachingEnglishLanguageLea, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). The responsive classroom discussions: the inclusion of all students. stream Often, although not exclusively, active learning approaches also include collaborative and cooperative learning in small groups. 0000024497 00000 n 6 0 obj Students may be encouraged to consider specific steps (as appropriate), such as identifying the type of problem, what information they need to solve the problem, and how they might check or evaluate their solution. 0000003803 00000 n Scientific teaching. %%EOF Chapter 3: Developing Critical Thinking Skills and Fostering Engagement. Freeman, S., Eddy, S.L., McDonough, M., Smith, M.K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., and Wenderoth, M.P. 0000016272 00000 n 14 day loan required to access PDF files. To collaboratively generate maps, students might use tools such as, Angelo and Cross, 1993; Nesbit and Adesope, 2006; Novak and Canas, 2008, Christensen, 1987; Herreid, 1994; Barkley, Major, and Cross, 2014. Jigsaws are particularly useful for engaging students with course material and with their peers. REALISE videos, SEER Center, University of Georgia, Example activities and assessments, The K. Patricia Cross Academy, Community-building active learning strategies (remote context), OneHE. Lecture by teacher (and what else can you do!) 0000013768 00000 n endobj 0000107048 00000 n 0000109145 00000 n 0000104735 00000 n Active methodologies are a set of teaching-learning methods, with characteristics that break with the purposes of traditional education. 0000005701 00000 n Chapter 2: Applying a Taxonomy to the Thinking in Your Classroom. 0000109736 00000 n Another option would be to offer students time to connect outside of dedicated class time, using the platform of their choice, and to debrief the cases in class as a larger group. 0000024878 00000 n teaching style and personality influencing which choices may be right for you. Aronson, E.; Blaney, N.; Stephin, C.; Sikes, J., & Snapp, M. (1978). They might also employ instructions for alternating who in the pair shares first (e.g., the person with the longest or shortest hair). 0000107315 00000 n 31. 0000107371 00000 n "Get off your seat and get active! 0000109243 00000 n 0000110281 00000 n Oryx Press, PO Box 33889, Phoenix, AZ 85067-3889. 0000009870 00000 n )$ j:CL4\K|dpH~_CJ%oxYQy\Wl*uv5.I8cNR@7c0Pf"s&Y[Jcte5MV"{,O^G[v)Qb{oa@eKi&R,eM,;8;t(W k.3J.9I Published 2006. 0000108987 00000 n Beyond the theoretical underpinnings, many studies across disciplines have explored the benefits of active learning approaches in college classrooms (e.g., Freeman et al., 2014; Prince et al., 2004). 4 0 obj San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. As an additional option, instructors might assign expert groups in advance of the Jigsaw class day, allowing students to meet at a time and using a platform of their choice (in this case instructors might offer support to help with scheduling). Contents: Introduction. on September 29, 2017, 50 Strategies For Teaching English Language Lea, There are no reviews yet. Instructor Action: Lecture 1. Nesbit, J.C. & Adesope, O.O. Explain the importance of and techniques for improving the Fagen et al., 2002; Crouch and Mazur, 2001; Smith et al. In their book Scientific Teaching, Handelsman, Miller and Pfund also note that the line between active learning and formative assessment is blurry and hard to define; after all, teaching that promotes students' active learning asks students to do or produce something, which then can serve to help assess understanding (2007). If appropriate, the instructor can also share class results by revealing a graph of student responses, which can be used to stimulate class discussion. Active TeachingActive Learning5 Characteristics of a directive teacher: Uses mostly a lecture style of teaching one-way communication from teacher to participants Gives solutions to problems rather than encouraging participants to discover their own solutions The teacher is the "expert" Discourages discussion The teacher's method is 0000003597 00000 n Free delivery. iZ vj6\@NWiwSi9075LN*^FNah 5. 0000006393 00000 n qDLV%],zlXu'[g.8[A{: ziycOb 0000021811 00000 n Many of the same polling tools can work well in a remote context, and in fact, a couple of additional tools may be used. New York: W.H. FhX>A@o]TWDr4 (Q##p69^!} It also touches on writing effective conceptual questions that are multiple choice. UCQ Centre for Teaching and Learning Incorporating Active Learning Strategies in the Classroom Active Learning Strategies Examples . 0000109565 00000 n Effective Instructional Strategies Chapter 8: Using Integrated Teaching Methods Individualized StrategiesContinued Independent Study: Example of Self-Directed Learning. 0000110867 00000 n Francek, Mark. Science 332, 12131216. web pages Her previous books include Camcorder in the Classroom with Joel . Instructors might also explore these active learning designs as they consider opportunities for using each strategy. 4 0 obj An instructor poses a question (typically multiple choice) that students respond to using a student response system. u 0000005674 00000 n 50. Preface New to This Edition This fifth edition of 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners represents a major change in standards-based education. Review of Educational Research, 76(3), 413-448. 0000110438 00000 n 0000013837 00000 n web pages <> <>>> Jossey-Bass. Metacognition -- thinking about ones thinking -- can also be an important element, helping students connect course activities to their learning (Brame, 2016). % nvQ(tpfp0w>3UA#So]>#Z|8 0000108339 00000 n 50+ Teaching Strategies To Jumpstart Your Teacher Brain. Wood, W. K. Adams, C. Wieman, J. K. Knight, N. Guild, and T. T. Su. It is also important that the instructor looks at the polling results and listens to the reasoning of the students in order to determine what further explanations and summary might need to be made in lecture. Additionally, similar to TPS, the peer discussion portion can still occur in breakout rooms. The theory underlying concept maps and how to construct and use them. endobj Search the history of over 804 billion In addition to hand-generated maps, students can also use software like MindMeister or bubbl.us. Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research, 5(2), 020101. 3 0 obj Classroom assessment techniques: a handbook for college teachers. Each contains an inaccuracy which students are to identify and . Brame, C. (2016). If the instructor would like students to be able to visually share their responses, there are a number of tools that could be leveraged. 0000108091 00000 n 0000107190 00000 n An edition of 50 Strategies for Active Teaching (2006) 50 Strategies for Active Teaching Engaging K-12 Learners in the Classroom (50 Teaching Strategies Series) by Andrea M. Guillaume, Ruth Yopp-Edwards, and Hallie Yopp-Slowik 0 Ratings 1 Want to read 0 Currently reading 0 Have read Overview View 1 Edition Details Reviews Lists Related Books 0000107945 00000 n Below are ideas on how to incorporate active learning into your session. These approaches stem from social constructivism, which emphasizes the importance of peer-to-peer interactions in learning (Vygotsky 1978). In a remote context, instructors might pose the quick writing prompt via a presented slide and/or in the chat and students may write in their own text document or by hand. Peer instruction: results from a range of classrooms. 0000107727 00000 n ",#(7),01444'9=82. Similar to group problem-solving above, students can work in breakout groups during class time for the think-aloud problem solving activity. Three Phases of the Responsive Classroom Approach to Active Teaching: Phase 1: Teach and Model Active learning promotes higher-order critical thinking skills and involves teaching strategies such as case studies, class debates, think-pair-share activities, role playing, peer teaching, gaming, the 1-minute paper, or questions embedded into a lecture (Adkins, 2018). ), ensure all members understanding, and develop an approach for teaching the topic to their class colleagues. hb```vV>!10pPLA#Ad$bXyrh^'Ma&/oHf1-Q?Em3zaY#OghI,GBs7^~3MzW }y^e\}rLy],} ``r%UR \T* 1w X1iQ AaCQ$ o57T&xhD0Zu3e(f|MNY+_Xo]aBG!N6:7Lx\A@H. In addition to literacy strategies, approaches to assessment, and grouping strategies (among many others), knowing the right teaching strategy for the right . on December 1, 2021, There are no reviews yet. Active Learning Strategies . 0000102348 00000 n The groups then mix: the original student groups break up and form new cooperative groups, where each student is an expert in a different topic. Many also demonstrate active learning strategies in action. 0000109453 00000 n n,\*B\ '8aq ?WS9/z Once completed, each groups poster/board is displayed on the wall, much like at a scientific poster session. 12 0 obj kn-N7V:Esq&Bz>zElTCdd+v6W"\F)kn;Vl3e <> (2008). Novak, J.D. (2000) The jigsaw classroom. 4 0 obj Physical hand raising may be feasible in small groups with cameras on, otherwise the Zoom raise hand function can be used. Teaching strategies are among the most important ingredients for highly-effective learning environments. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> To check in with students, instructors can join different rooms and/or ask students to use the ask for help button. Setting the Stage 2. 0000108931 00000 n Guided Practice 5. 348 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7E849DA8AAC9ED4CBBB3CBB5BB7B9C17><4DFABBDEA2793D45B7D7257F883B2F50>]/Index[324 40]/Info 323 0 R/Length 117/Prev 171673/Root 325 0 R/Size 364/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 268 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5EAF4E7B1A02624C9D38FBD702B15552>]/Index[245 47]/Info 244 0 R/Length 114/Prev 783624/Root 246 0 R/Size 292/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream There are many different active learning strategies that instructors might incorporate into their teaching. Additionally, student shares may be solicited via a shared document, in Zoom chat, and/or by asking students to raise their hand. (1980). Mess Ilhem English Other tools include Google form, Mentimeter, TopHat, and Poll Everywhere. station37.cebu 0000107805 00000 n hb```b`2Ab,{ muc s\C 'J}^0P[Em?s$ N\ZB:kxY C&17_w T:{yN7 ZpM&@8A@lK$NlyQasY]&6*2X;Q4U-)wodNZ!%aA'7m9zBqjULTvV!Fg>9|m]ZmNB9DN:P eDnm8`S]`U/VL"2 Peer instruction: ten years of experience and results. 0000110066 00000 n 0000105168 00000 n (2006). ~-(s\- $ufz` _Dm&jctc>R5RA1m/#=,`CW$xr%|BUXjClXy5"Kh~#}t$^=}}k~[yiK 6>j"KG*Niza}i]#aH! H}7_o:} endobj 0000003847 00000 n This list should serve as a guide and is not meant to be comprehensive. Photo Homework - Students are assigned to use a smartphone to snap a picture of something at home (or out in the city) that captures a specific concept from the class, as assigned by the teacher. Be the first one to, 50 strategies for active teaching : engaging K-12 learners in the classroom, Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, urn:lcp:50strategiesfora0000guil:lcpdf:30e11d35-4828-487a-95ed-9ad0021e03b2, urn:lcp:50strategiesfora0000guil:epub:3fa3c719-ef46-4aec-8a2c-686bfbe99af8, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). 0000004354 00000 n Although some of the activities are duplicates of those included on other lists of resource references, the explanations given here help clarify their use. Uploaded by (Eds.) There are typically many right answers to a concept map, allowing students to represent their ideas in different ways. Active learning. 0000110699 00000 n x3fIII[OqC3O:Z7vT.eFns[+>*!M[Ir+KVQ}CoQ[nT.K.*=S 0000005070 00000 n endobj 0000066261 00000 n 10 0 obj 910 0 obj <> endobj xref 910 110 0000000016 00000 n j+KOH5ei%rCMQ.Z(G\am i#dkVQw=mmWX;tLq.Z)9WX[t]]d9I0#I+F2djk E?U3LPu7z\aeWwF25BLfS^i 0000031181 00000 n 0000065640 00000 n Discussion groups conducted by selected student chairpersons (yes, and what else!) knLSl6U3Oy+Zz~t%*IUE5_aX %eJn9IO9W}2Yn>K="kW|bn)m?+{s~! <> the, If you are new to active learning, you might start with identifying strategies to incorporate into your lecture (see these resources on, Have more questions, or interested in brainstorming for some ideas? Or ask students to write about it using terms from lecture, or to name the processes and concepts shown. Christensen, C.R. (available online and downloadable through the UC Berkeley Library; includes adaptations for synchronous and asynchronous instruction). Active learning generally refers to any instructional method that engages students in the learning process beyond listening and passive note taking. Active learning strategies provide valuable opportunities for students to develop disciplinary skills and expertise, including serving as sources of knowledge, formulating questions and articulating ideas, as well as fostering interactions with peers (Turpen & Finkelstein, 2009). Buy now. 0000002496 00000 n Theobald, E. J., Hill, M. J., Tran, E., Agrawal, S., Arroyo, E. N., Behling, S., & Freeman, S. (2020). <>>> Instructors might consider classroom culture in explaining this technique, including, for example, encouraging students to ensure that both members of the pair have equal time to share their ideas. Getting under the hood: How and for whom does increasing course structure work?. Allows Teachers to Work w/Individual Students. Case studies are scenarios that engage students in real-life situations that rely on integration of their developing knowledge from a course. 0000108395 00000 n Boston: Harvard Business School. 0000106908 00000 n }=ONC#,$_@q?.E3wX`)*/L/. One member of the group will stay with the poster and help to explain it as the class circulates to look at all of the posters. Chapter 5: Implementing Strategies for . on the Internet. <> For small classes, holding up a colored index card corresponding to an answer option might also be feasible (if cameras are being used). 0000004629 00000 n 8. Instructor pauses every ~15 minutes during lecture and asks students to: A purposeful pause can look very similar in a remote context. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. Journal of Physics 69, 970-977. Board of Artwork - Post publicly the collected drawings / abstract concepts that students turned in for a previous (1994). A broadcast message may be used to alert them when its time to move to the next prompt. Francek, M. (2006). The problem-solver proceeds to solve the problem by describing their thought process for each step out loud. km5Irt;vNW;rtK:t]]rIF9] u%GW\]UMtMQb]SwX5Gw]a]n9HuuPWJuu-TcaU\YeUmFIuu Explain them of all Case studies in science: A novel method of science education. ; ).kxTgAAGQ= `,i,\A(E> B+H$D$;2g%YX$'VhH&nU Kb-`<8$ @NC8b+A:+>X|[1:IV"gX#[X-4D`m=M>FQC7&8}r,< E1mpj These three aspects can help students and instructors facilitate the learning process and make it easily absorbable. Not all interactive engagement is the same: Variations in physics professors implementation of peer instruction. Haak, D.C., HilleRisLambers, J., Pitre, E., and Freeman, S. (2011). Active learning approaches promote skill development and higher order thinking through activities that might include reading, writing, and/or discussion. 0000008167 00000 n 50 Strategies for Active Teaching: Engaging K-12 Learners in the Classroom: Andrea M. Guillaume, Ruth Helen Yopp, Hallie Kay Yopp: 9780132192729: Amazon.com: Books Books Education & Teaching Schools & Teaching Rent $17.48 List Price: $79.99 Save: $62.51 (78%) Due Date: Jun 26, 2023 Rental Details FREE return shipping at the end of the semester. Promoting Discussion in the Science Classroom Using Gallery Walks. 2 0 obj endstream endobj startxref 0000105560 00000 n <> 0000110542 00000 n To begin, instructors may provide students with a list of concepts or terms, or ask students to generate a list (often 8-12). (2014). (1999). Active learning narrows achievement gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math. dL1MDQp! :8Z0IL4E9G qZb* $MmB.D%/E? oriented approach, active and interactive teaching methods are used. and Cross, K.P. Herreid, C.F. Instructors might track student progress by asking them to respond to scaffolded questions or take notes on a shared document. kEVEj}: 9}Tgl$jY#|sTa{l==I=OIwGX;lB7#dzrt]wF25G.GtvFnF25sT*M'3#-n$SRt7H"\2U*9kH8I$3R:Es0N5?J23RB7(.J&T~s+QrRJ7(JTqsBJT|w\Tq\N&UqsBJfU|w\U5N\Y_YJfU?]r=^dU` } endstream endobj 1912 0 obj <>stream Although lecturing while students take notes is a common strategy for teaching, more effective strategies for middle school students are those that play to their developmental strengths and needs for activity, social interaction, and fun. 0000106792 00000 n When students feel included and capable, they are more h[.q* ?IwqbIo9Uii{;]'t bX.-VqKCI W \{,RMd\s]AN(X &Y$uj@eRa|6qW%$R9d'CM!C"vC BVsX1aT%vJ"5%"`Hx\Dd//8`SGE. 11 0 obj 0000006366 00000 n 0000108488 00000 n endobj 291 0 obj <>stream This could be made asynchronous by creating bCourses groups for students, where they have a space to share documents, collaborate, and communicate about meeting outside of class. In a synchronous, remote class session, both expert and mixed cooperative groups could meet via Zoom in breakout rooms. 0000108186 00000 n In this case, instructors might proportionally decrease the allotted class time for associated class sessions. 50 Strategies for Active Teaching: Engaging K-12 Learners in the Classroom. Describe the direct teaching format and its appropriate uses. Use these low-risk, low-costactivities to energize, excite, and build your team." --Sivasailam"Thiagi" Thiagarajan, editor, Thiagi GameLetter; president,Workshops by Thiagi "Battling for the attention of the adult learner is a war that[Rose] knows how to win. %PDF-1.6 % Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. 1 0 obj 2. %PDF-1.5 ]{yL=Hc-OMzU-S4zWlr0.b|}q+9V~H. 0000096485 00000 n <> Retrieved from https://www.jigsaw.org/. (2014). C=*Sa:];DaH:h 0::V Students may be asked to spend 1-2 minutes at each discussion board, before moving to the next. Journal of College Science Teaching, 36(1). 0000066191 00000 n This paper aims to shed light on various teaching strategies and class activities that instructors could use in their teaching methods to enhance student's learning. The prompt might be a conceptual question, or. hb```e"@( mK *,3cLhif00Wtt40v fh@2H8FYY&,Xf,IU4SwaT qSm(ff`w0 D 2 Active learning is rooted in constructivist learning theory, or the idea that students (humans!) =%T/6Z)Urj/@P3 #PtqGo_MIv{hV LWO]Oz_^U#.eXGx1 M1)#QOWyFC^)fxA /+A:o_:y )wrzXK{F0(.u/k,lwZtzVQp%i)@ Perhaps most notably, compared to traditional lecture alone, use of active learning approaches has been shown to increase student performance and decrease failure rates, particularly for students from underrepresented and excluded communities (Eddy & Hogan, 2014; Haak et al., 2011; Theobald et al., 2020). Teacher Education and Special Education 10, 14-18. 8 0 obj CBELife Sciences Education, 11(2), 113-120. Angelo and Cross, 1993; Handelsman et al., 2007; Rivard, 1994; Tanner, 2012. 0000104938 00000 n Currently, a focus in teaching students is on the role of independent work, the organization of practice, physical training of the graduates, the fund of evaluation tools, inclusive education, quality training of the teaching staff, as well as the active and interactive teaching Rivard, L. O. P. (1994). Need help? %PDF-1.6 % h[% Z"Eq8a$l9|[Ntt#(fuBGu4wS18cr52O:S8@:Zu :@Ga6T`u4&D@^ z'0hlf.hLt v@^G=z~ 0:GoC?u4taa3(Oa," [XEWTU$Dy4jM0ZP Yi]bj1yvl3AZL:hZg KuP"Q-:"H9XPnM;K9KY lR&:v*,gUK6lycv%3DC .9L: IUr) Hp*IBiAe!rjEK^a^I-:/WUeW#IJ >Hao\I"&66Z#Lu5X3L5b -;nN8eN^%| DkCm@15(Ep *k8.8(ZFf2G1x#46jc:P&&.3U`Xta"h.E8rYGck|-6Dujc 3V ), Mainstreaming Digest, College Park: University of Maryland Press, pp. endobj For additional examples, see the, Aronsen et al, 1978; Aronson, 2000; Barkley, Major, and Cross, 2014, Although the physical movement of a gallery walk is not quite recapitulated in Zoom, there are numerous platforms that may be used for student collaborative work and rotation through a virtual gallery. For pre-assigned prompts where multiple students respond, instructors may pose questions through discussion boards in bCourses. learn by connecting new information and experiences to their prior knowledge and experiences, allowing them to build, or construct, new knowledge and understandings (Bransford et al., 1999). Which learning approaches, teaching methods and techniques provide us with learning that is easy, effective, persistent and fun? Individual Carries Out an Educational Activity with Little or No Guidance. 0000110339 00000 n endobj endobj We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! <> 0000107147 00000 n endobj 150 Teaching Methods 1. hbbd```b`` DHVs0"> ] 0000008867 00000 n 0000011525 00000 n "What is Gallery Walk?". trailer <<384D30A22ACF454294C083986170E121>]/Prev 424682>> startxref 0 %%EOF 1019 0 obj <>stream This paper will argue that active learning approach offers us opportunities to ensure the effective teaching of history and social studies. Your choice of strategies is affected by a number of considerations: the level of the objectives, the abilities of the students, your teaching skills and preferences, the size of the class. (2009). Teaching and the case method. Tanner, K. D. (2012). endobj Active Engagement Strategies for Each Direct Instruction Component The six components of Direct Instruction include: 1. Grab Bags. endstream endobj startxref Pausing principles and their effects on reasoning in science. particularly useful for teaching students how to frame good questions. Fagen, A.P., Crouch, C.H., and Mazur, E. (2002). With adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), educators across the United States are reflecting on exemplary practices and research in strate- Prince, M. (2004). We have used a variety of strategies, namely conceptual questions, group projects, reading tasks, assignments with tutorial review, problem solving and a platform of e-learning. 0000006889 00000 n A grab bag is a great way to get students thinking and learning actively. $.' t/R%; Advantages include developing students' abilities to think holistically . hbbd```b``3@$S)d9`oj&$3d4,wkAtiJefGHz9/dlc La`g 6b Eddy, S. L., & Hogan, K. A. Prepared by Chris O'Neal and Tershia Pinder-Grover, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, University of Michigan Writing (Minute Paper) Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publishing Company Aronson, Elliot. Writing activities are usually 1-2 minutes, and can focus on key questions and ideas or ask students to make predictions. % endstream endobj 325 0 obj <. 4. Class discussion conducted by teacher (and what else!) In short, active learning requires students to do meaningful learning activities and think about what they are doing" (Prince, 2004). These. These activities give students the opportunity to organize their own thoughts, or can be collected by the teacher to gain feedback from the students. To maintain anonymity, instructors might solicit responses using Google Forms or a bCourses assignment or survey quiz.